BrevardAreaReefSociety.com

Vlamingi Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 14:25:50 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Acanthurus achilles [b]Common Names:[/b] Bignose unicornfish [b]Max. size:[/b] 60.0 cm TL (male/unsexed; Ref. 3145) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine ; depth range 1 - 50 m [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 24 - 28�C; 30�N - 25�S [b]Distribution:[/b] Gazetteer Indo-Pacific: East Africa to the Line, Marquesan and Tuamoto islands; north to southern Japan, south to the southern Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia. Throughout Micronesia. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 6; Dorsal soft rays (total): 26-27; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 27-29. Adults develop a convexly rounded prominent snout and unusually tall dorsal and anal fins. Side of body with vertical blue lines which break up into small blue spots dorsally and ventrally. A broad blue band extending from eye to front of rostral protuberance. [b]Biology:[/b] Occurs in deep lagoon and seaward reefs. Forms mid-water aggregations off steep slopes during the day to feed on zooplankton. Usually found alone or in pairs. Omnivorous. Has the ability to show or hide its blue markings. [/left]

Twospot Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 14:21:01 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Ctenochaetus binotatus [b]Max. size:[/b] 22.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine; depth range 8 - 53 m [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 24 - 26�C [b]Distribution:[/b] Indo-Pacific = East Africa to the Tuamoto Islands; southern Japan to central New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. Not known from the Red Sea, Gulf of Oman, the Gulf, the Hawaiian Islands, Marquesas, Rapa, Pitcairn Islands, and Easter Island. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 24-27; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 22-25. Prominent black spot at the rear base of dorsal and anal fins; adults with a bluish ring around the eye. Dorsal and anal fins dark brown. Caudal fin brown in adults, yellow in young. Edge of lips smooth. Upper teeth usually with 5 denticulations (not including tip). Anterior gill rakers 23-29. [b]Biology:[/b] Inhabits coral and rubble areas of deep lagoon and seaward reefs. Feeds by scooping film of detritus and unicellular algae (e.g. dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus) that produce ciguatera toxin making this species a key link in the ciguatera food chain. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] Plenty of live rock to graze on, and a healthy growth of microalgae. Not an overly aggressive fish, and usually won't bother tankmates, except similar species (more likely to be picked on by other tangs). One per tank. [/left]

Sohal Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 14:20:21 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Acanthurus sohal [b]Max. size:[/b] 40.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 24 - 30�C [b]Distribution:[/b] Western Indian Ocean = Red Sea to the Persian Gulf. [b]Biology:[/b] A common species found in seaward edges of reefs exposed to surge. Aggressive and territorial. Feeds on various kinds of algae, mainly Sargassum, and fine filamentous green algae. Caught with nets. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] Extremely territorial, especially with other tangs (fights can be fatal). [/left]

Sailfin Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 14:18:49 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Zebrasoma veliferum [b]Common Names:[/b] Sailfin Tang, Pacific Sailfin Tang [b]Max. size:[/b] 40.0 cm SL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 24 - 28�C [b]Distribution:[/b] Indo-Pacific = Indonesia to the Hawaiian and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to the southern Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, and Rapa Island; throughout Micronesia. Replaced by the similar Zebrasoma desjardinii in the Indian Ocean. Also known in Line, Society, Austral and Rapa islands. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 4-5; Dorsal soft rays (total): 29-33; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 23-26. Smalls juveniles have alternating yellow and black bars. No brush-like patch of setae posteriorly on side of body. Dorsal fin very elevated, the longest ray 2.1 to 2.5 times in SL. [b]Biology:[/b] Occurs in lagoon and seaward reefs from the lower surge zone to a depth of at least 30 m. Solitary juveniles found among rocks or coral of shallow protected, sometimes turbid reefs. Feeds on leafy macroalgae. It possesses, fewer and larger pharyngeal teeth, compared to the other Zebrasoma spp.. The species is never poisonous. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] It is the least aggressive member of the Zebrasoma genus. It may, however, act aggressively to members of its own species. The coloration on the Sailfin Tang will fade if not fed an adequate diet of vegetative matter.[/left]

Red Sea Sailfin Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 13:59:23 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Zebrasoma desjardinii [b]Common Names:[/b] Indian sail-fin surgeonfish (Indonesia), Red Sea Sailfin Tang (USA), Desjardin's sailfin tang (USA), Indischer Seebader (Germany) [b]Max. size:[/b] 40.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine [b]Climate:[/b] tropical [b]Distribution:[/b] Indian Ocean = Red Sea south to Natal, South Africa and east to India, Java, and Cocos-Keeling Islands, but not Christmas Island. [b]Biology:[/b] Found in lagoon and seaward reefs to depths greater then 30 m; juveniles in sheltered inner reef areas. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] Browses on filamentous microalgae and small fleshy macroalgaes. Least aggressive of the family, however, it may be aggressive with members of its species. Keep only one per tank, unless in a very large aquarium.[/left]

Purple Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 13:14:54 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Zebrasoma xanthurum [b]Common Names:[/b] Purple Tang, Yellowtail Surgeonfish, and Yellowtail Tang [b]Max. size:[/b] 22.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 20 m [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 24 - 28�C [b]Distribution:[/b] Western Indian Ocean = Red Sea to the Persian Gulf; recorded from Maldives. [b]Biology:[/b] Often found in groups in coral-rich areas or on rocky bottoms. It small and numerous pharyngeal teeth suggest a diet that consists mainly of filamentous algae. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] Feed a good herbivorous diet. This fish is the most hostile of the Zebrasoma genus. It should be the last fish introduced in a community tank, unless kept with other large hostile species. Grazes on filamentous microalgae and small fleshy macroalgaes.[/left]

Powder Blue Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 13:12:03 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Acanthurus leucosternon [b]Max. size:[/b] 54.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 25 m [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 23 - 28�C [b]Distribution:[/b] Indian Ocean = eastern Africa to the Andaman Sea, southwest Indonesia and Christmas Island. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 28-30; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 23-26. Blue with a white chest. Head black with a broad white band from pectoral-fin base to throat. No distinct white spot or broad white band below eye. Dorsal fin yellow (except white margin and black submarginal line). Anal and pelvic fins white. [b]Biology:[/b] Inhabits shallow, clear coastal and island coral reefs. Usually found on reef flats and along upper seaward slopes. May occur singly or in large feeding aggregations. Feeds on benthic algae; on small, sparsely scattered algae and small growths in crevices. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] This species is prone to ich, common in the family, but more common in this particular species. Aggressive to other tangs, especially those of similar shape and coloration. Should be only tang in tank, unless a very large aquarium. Males are smaller than females.[/left]

Orangespot Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 11:16:02 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Acanthurus olivaceus [b]Common Names:[/b] Orangespot Surgeonfish/Tang, Orangeshoulder Surgeonfish/Tang, Orangeband Surgeonfish/Tang [b]Max. size:[/b] 35.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine; depth range 3 - 46 m [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 24 - 28�C [b]Distribution:[/b] Indo-Pacific = Christmas Island in the eastern Indian Ocean to the Hawaiian and Tuamoto Islands, north to Japan, south to Lord Howe Island; throughout Micronesia. Replaced by Acanthurus tennenti in the Indian Ocean. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 23-25; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 22-24. Body of adult dark grayish brown; juveniles yellow; posterior to upper end of gill opening is a bright orange horizontal band, with purplish black border. Head and anterior half of body usually abruptly paler than the posterior half. Anterior gill rakers 24-28; posterior 23-27. Large adult males (about 17 cm) with more definite convexity of snout profile. [b]Biology:[/b] Inhabits seaward reefs, in areas of bare rock or mixed rubble and sand, from 9 to at least 46 m depth; juveniles inhabit protected bays and lagoons, singly or in small groups in as little as 3 m. Adults occur singly or in schools and feed on surface film of detritus, diatoms, and fine filamentous algae covering sand and bare rock. The species is rarely poisonous. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] A lot of swimming space and grazing opportunities. Will normally ignore tankmates, even other tangs, but only one per tank. Add before other tangs (unless A. nigricans or A. triostegus because they are less aggressive). However, every individual is different. Some references indicate this species is aggressive. Juveniles are yellow, and as they mature the orangespot develops.[/left]

Naso Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 11:12:29 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Naso lituratus [b]Common Names:[/b] Naso Tang, Orangespine Unicornfish, Naso Lituratus Tang/Surgeonfish [b]Max. size:[/b] 46.0 cm SL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine ; depth range 0 - 90 m [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 24 - 26�C [b]Distribution:[/b] Pacific Ocean = Honshu, Japan south to the Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia; east in Oceania to the Hawaiian Islands, all the islands of French Polynesia, and the Pitcairn Islands. In the eastern Pacific, from Clipperton Island. Once regarded a wide-ranging Indo-Pacific species, the Indian Ocean population is now recognized as a separate species, Naso elegans. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 6; Dorsal soft rays (total): 28-31; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 29-31. Dorsal fin black, the black continuing as a pointed projection onto nape, with a pale blue line at base and a broad outer white zone on soft portion; anal fin mainly orange; dorsal and anal fins with a narrow blue margin and black submarginal line; caudal fin with a yellow submarginal band posteriorly. Caudal fin emarginate with adult males having trailing filaments from each corner. [b]Biology:[/b] Found in areas of coral, rock, or rubble of lagoon and seaward reefs. Feeds mainly on leafy brown algae (Sargassum and Dictyota). Sometimes in large aggregations. The species is very seldom poisonous. Pair-spawning has been observed. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] Plenty of swimming room and hiding spots. For the most part, this species isn't aggressive to tankmates, unless they are the same or similar species. The erect spines can cause deep wounds and are easily entangled in a net. [/left]

Naso Elegans Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 11:11:40 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Naso elegans [b]Max. size:[/b] 45.0 cm SL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine [b]Climate:[/b] tropical [b]Distribution:[/b] Indian Ocean = Red Sea south to Durban, South Africa and east through the islands of the western Indian Ocean to southwestern Indonesia, at least to Bali. Not reported from the Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf, or India. Previously considered the Indian Ocean color variant of Naso lituratus. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 6; Dorsal soft rays (total): 26-30; Anal spines: 2; Anal soft rays: 27-30. Dorsal fin yellow with a blue line at base and a black band above this; anal and pelvic fins dark brown; dorsal and anal fins with a narrow blue margin and black submarginal line; caudal fin yellowish with black upper and lower margins and a submarginal black band posteriorly. Caudal fin emarginate with adult males having trailing filaments from each corner. [b]Biology:[/b] Feeds on benthic algae [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] Usually not aggressive unless the fish is the same or similar species. Grazes on macroalgae.[/left]

Longnose Surgeonfish

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 11:10:52 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Zebrasoma rostratum [b]Common Names:[/b] Black Tang, Longnose Surgeonfish [b]Max. size:[/b] 21.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 23 - 28�C [b]Distribution:[/b] Eastern Central Pacific = Line, Marquesan, Society, and Tuamoto islands to Pitcairn Group (Ducie Islands). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 4-5; Dorsal soft rays (total): 23-28; Anal soft rays: 19-24. Colour dark brown to nearly black (in life with faint irregular longitudinal bluish lines following scale rows). Snout protruding. Body depth 1.9 to 2.1 times in SL. Lower teeth with 5 denticulations, the central one twice as large as adjacent ones. [b]Biology:[/b] Inhabits lagoon and seaward reefs. Its small and numerous pharyngeal teeth suggest a diet that consists mainly of filamentous algae. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] Can be quite aggressive once it is established (especially in a smaller sized tank). Needs an adequate diet for active herbivores. Keep only one per tank, unless in a very large system, and introduced together. Provide live rock for the constant grazing behavior.[/left]

Kole Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 11:08:09 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Ctenochaetus strigosus [b]Common Names:[/b] Kole's Tang, Yelloweye Kole Tang, Yelloweye Surgeonfish, Yelloweye Bristletooth, Spotted Surgeonfish [b]Max. size:[/b] 14.6 cm SL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 113 m [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 21 - 27�C [b]Distribution:[/b] Eastern Central Pacific: endemic to the Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Island. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 25-28; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 22-25. C. strigosus differs from C. striatus by having a more truncate tail and a pale yellowish ring around the eye. Yellow on edge of orbit broad and conspicuous (pale in preservative), especially posteriorly. Small spots on head blue, not extending onto anterior body or chest. Posterior gill rakers 30-36. [b]Biology:[/b] Solitary. Mainly diurnal. Feeds on detritus by whisking its comb-like teeth over the bottom as it closes its mouth. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] This species is noted as not overly aggressive, and usually won't bother tankmates, with the exception of closely related species. Members of the same species will battle each other, and it is best to keep one per tank. May be picked on by more aggressive Tangs. The Kole Tang does best when provided an aquarium with a healthy growth of microalgae to meet its constant grazing needs. Feed a varied diet, including mostly vegetative matter such as dried maringe algae, frozen herbivore rations, Spirulina.[/left]

Indian Mimic Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 10:58:48 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Acanthurus tristis Common Name: Indian Mimic Tang/Surgeonfish, Indian Ocean Mimic [b]Max. size:[/b] 25.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine; depth range 2 - 26 m [b]Climate:[/b] tropical [b]Distribution:[/b] Indian Ocean = Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea west to Maldives and Chagos Archipelago, and east to islands of southern Indonesia at least to Bali. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 23-33; Anal soft rays: 22-29. Margin of caudal fin narrow and white. No orange area behind gill opening and extending ventrally behind base of pectoral fins (juveniles mimic the angelfish Centropyge eibli). [b]Biology:[/b] Occurs in shallow lagoon and seaward reefs, in areas of mixed coral, rock or sand. Juveniles mimic the cryptic Centropyge eibli. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] Grazes on filamentous microalgae and small fleshy macroalgaes. Mimics the Centropyge eibli as a juvenile to avoid predation. Not too aggressive, unless the same or similar species.[/left]

Hippo Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 10:46:09 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Paracanthurus hepatus [b]Common Names:[/b] Hippo Tang, Palette Surgeonfish, Pacific Blue Tang, Regal Tang [b]Max. size:[/b] 31.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) 12.2 inches [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine; depth range 2 - 40 m [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 24 - 26�C [b]Distribution:[/b] Indo-Pacific = East Africa to the Line Islands, north to southern Japan, south to the southern Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, and Samoa. Throughout Micronesia. Also known from Gilbert Islands (Kiribati); Mariana Islands and Mascarene Islands. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 19-20; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 18-19. Bright blue, yellow and black in color. [b]Biology:[/b] Occurs in clear, current-swept terraces of seaward reefs. Observed in loose aggregations 1 or 2 meters above the bottom; juveniles and subadults typical in groups near isolated Pocillopora eydouxi coral heads and when alarmed hide themselves tightly among the branches. Feeds on zooplankton. Relatively uncommon and highly localized. A very popular and hardy aquarium fish. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] This species can be hard to keep, because it is more susceptible to some diseases (ich, lateral line and fin erosion). Can be shy at first, so hiding places will be helpful. Usually not too aggressive, unless same or similar species. May be picked on by more aggressive species.[/left]

Convict Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 10:38:22 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Acanthurus triostegus [b]Max. size:[/b] 27.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 90 m [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 24 - 26�C [b]Distribution:[/b] Indo-Pacific = throughout the region except for the seas around the Arabian Peninsula. Eastern Pacific = lower Gulf of California to Panama, Revillagigedo Islands, Cocos Island, Clipperton, and the Galapagos. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 22-26; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 19-22. Body olivaceous gray, with 4 vertical stripes (1 stripe on head across the yellow eye; 1 on caudal peduncle); shading to white ventrally, often with a sharp line of demarcation. Sharp, forward-pointing, erectile spine on each side of caudal peduncle which folds down into a groove. Scales minute. Teeth with denticulations on sides and top. Gill rakers 18-22 in anterior row, 19-24 in posterior row. [b]Biology:[/b] Occur in lagoon and seaward reefs with hard substrate; young abundant in tide pools. Occasionally form schools; feed on filamentous algae in large aggregations. During spawning, clouds of eggs and sperm are preyed upon by eagle rays which are often present during spawning. Form spawning aggregations. Size of metamorphosis from post-larva stage to juvenile is 3.2 cm. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] Grazes on filamentous microalgae and small fleshy macroalgae. One of the least aggressive Acanthurus spp.. If keeping more than one in a large aquarium, add them together. The Convict Tang is more apt to be picked on by other Tangs. If to be kept with other genus, Naso and Zebrasoma are good choices.[/left]

Clown Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 10:37:42 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Acanthurus lineatus [b]Common Names:[/b] Clown Tang, Clown Surgeonfish, Lined Surgeonfish [b]Max. size:[/b] 38.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 24 - 30�C [b]Distribution:[/b] Indo-Pacific: eastern Africa to the Hawaiian, Marquesan and Tuamoto islands, north to southern Japan, south to the Great Barrier Reef and New Caledonia; throughout Micronesia. Replaced by the closely related Acanthurus sohal in the Red Sea. Society, Mascarene and Line islands. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 27-30; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 25-28. Upper 3/4 of body with alternating black-edged blue and yellow bands; lower 1/4 of body gray. Erectile spine on each side of caudal peduncle is sharp, strong, forward-pointing, and venomous. Upper part of head with yellow, oblique stripes. Pectoral fins pale with dusky rays; pelvic fins light yellowish brown with black outer margin; vertical markings in caudal fin. Gill rakers 14-16 anterior row, 13-15 posterior row. Minute scales. Philippine specimens demonstrate different color patterns. [b]Biology:[/b] A territorial species, which is common in surge zones of exposed seaward reefs. The large males control well-defined feeding territories and harems of females. The species is almost continually in motion. Herbivorous but also feeds on crustaceans. The venomous caudal spine can cause painful wounds. Form spawning aggregations. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] This species is one of the more aggressive of Surgeonfish. Its caudal peduncle spine is larger than almost all Surgeonfish, and will use it. Except in a huge tank, avoid keeping with other family members, even so, add with caution. The Clown Tang will attack other species with a similar shape and/or food habits. It requires unobstructed swimming space, and good water quality. This species browses on larger filamentous algaes and small fleshy macroalgaes. On occasion, an underfed specimen may nip at LPS. Feed a varied diet, consisting of vegetative matter. Dried and frozen herbivore foods that conatin marine algae and Spirulina. Supplement with items such as dried seaweed (sushi Nori).[/left]

Chevron Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 10:34:36 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: "[left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis [b]Common Names:[/b] Chevron Tang, Black Surgeonfish [b]Max. size:[/b] 25.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 25 - 27�C [b]Distribution:[/b] Pacific Ocean =throughout most Oceania, from the Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Island. To the islands of Micronesia. Society and Austral Islands. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 27-29; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 25-26. Gill rakers on anterior row 21-25, on posterior row 25. Juveniles differ greatly from adults. They have deeper bodies and are bright orange-red with numerous dark chevrons. Adults appear uniformly black from a distance but actually have numerous dark green horizontal pinstripes. [b]Biology:[/b] An uncommon species that inhabits seaward rocky or coral reefs. Juveniles found in relatively deep coral rich areas. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] Plenty of live rock to graze on. The juvenile has a blue herringbone pattern with an orange background and matures into a dark olive-brown color with thin lines on the body. Not terribly aggressive and will coexist with other fish, excpet the same or similar species. One per tank. The Chevron tang is likely to be picked on by other tangs.[/left]"

Brown Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 10:31:53 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Acanthurus nigrofuscus [b]Common Names:[/b] Brown Tang, Spot-Cheeked Surgeonfish, Lavender Tang [b]Max. size:[/b] 21.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 24 - 28�C [b]Distribution:[/b] Indo-Pacific = Red Sea south to Transkei, South Africa and east to the Hawaiian and Tuamoto islands; north to southern Japan, south to the southern Great Barrier Reef, New Caledonia, and Rapa (Austral Islands). Throughout Micronesia. Mascarene, Line and Society Islands. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 24-27; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 22-24. Brown in color when preserved; with or without fine bluish gray longitudinal lines on body; pale pectoral fins with upper edge narrowly black; pelvic fins brown. Lips blackish brown; median upper teeth tend to be pointed. Dorsal fin base with a prominent black spot larger than 1/2 eye diameter; a smaller spot on base of anal fin. Groove of caudal spine encircled with a narrow black margin. Gill rakers on anterior row:20-24; on posterior row:18-23. [b]Biology:[/b] Found on hard substrates of shallow lagoon and seaward reefs from the lower surge zone to a depth of more than 15 m. Feed on filamentous algae. Form spawning aggregations. A species at the bottom of the 'pecking order' among surgeon fishes, and as a result employs the strategy of feeding in large schools that overwhelm the territorial defenses of other herbivores. Aquarium Care. Live rock is preferred by this species for grazing, and will provide plenty of structure for hiding places and territories. It is aggressive towards other Tangs, but peaceful with other fish. [/left]

Bristletooth Tomini Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 10:31:03 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Ctenochaetus tominiensis [b]Common Names:[/b] Flame Fin, Flame Fin Tang, Tomini Tang [b]Max. size:[/b] 16.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 90 m [b]Climate:[/b] tropical 24�C - 27�C; 15�N - 19�S, 111�E - 167�W [b]Distribution:[/b]Western Central Pacific: Indonesia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, northern Great Barrier Reef, Solomon Islands, Palau, Vanuatu and Fiji. Recently recorded from Tonga. [b]Morphology:[/b] 22 - 23. Margins of lips papillate. Only species of Ctenochaetus with angular dorsal and anal fins. Caudal fin of juveniles forked, of adults lunate. Gill rakers on anterior row 20-21, on posterior row 20. Outer soft portion of dorsal and anal fins orange (pale in preservative). Caudal fin white. Edge of lips crenulate. Upper teeth with 2 or 3 denticulations (not including tip). Anterior gill rakers 19-23. [b]Biology:[/b]Occurs singly or in small groups along steep coral-rich drop-offs of sheltered coasts. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] This rare tang is not an overly aggressive fish and will usually not bother fish tankmates, with the possible exception of close relatives. Provide this active fish with plenty of swimming room, as well one or two hiding places. Its bristle teeth are adapted for browsing on diatoms (brown algae) off of hard substrates and its needs are easily met. [/left]

Bluelined Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 10:19:38 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Acanthurus nigroris [b]Max. size:[/b] 25.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 90 m [b]Climate:[/b] tropical [b]Distribution:[/b] Indo-Pacific = Aldabra and Seychelles to the Hawaiian, Marquesan and Tuamoto Islands; throughout Micronesia. Society Islands. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 24-27; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 23-25. Color drab dark brown; spots on body located at the rear base of dorsal and anal fins. Black spot at rear base of dorsal fin not large, its greatest width more than 2 times in eye diameter. White posterior margin of caudal fin very narrow, its width less than 4 times in pupil diameter. No definite black margin around groove of peduncular spine. Body depth 1.8 to 2 times in SL. Maximum standard length about 20 cm. [b]Biology:[/b] Inhabits clear lagoon and seaward reefs; often in areas with mixed coral, pavement, rubble and sand substrates. Occurs singly or in small groups. Feeds on filamentous algae, diatoms and fine algal film of compacted sand. Relatively uncommon throughout Micronesia; rare on Great Barrier Reef. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] A lot of hiding places (shy species) and swimming room. [/left]

Blue Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 10:18:50 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Acanthurus coeruleus [b]Common Names:[/b] Atlantic Blue Tang, Blue Tang [b]Max. size:[/b] 39.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine; depth range 2 - 40 m [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 24 - 26�C [b]Distribution:[/b] Western Atlantic = New York, USA and Bermuda to the Gulf of Mexico and Brazil. Eastern Atlantic: Ascension Island. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 26-28; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 24-26. A deep-bodied surgeonfish (body depth 1.7 in SL) with a conspicuous yellow caudal spine. Has the most distinctive coloration of all western Atlantic surgeonfishes. [b]Biology:[/b] Inhabits coral reefs, inshore grassy or rocky areas. Forms small groups. Mainly diurnal. Feeds entirely on algae. At Fernando de Noronha Archipelago in southwestern Atlantic, juveniles hold cleaning stations together with the doctorfish (Acanthurus chirurgus) and sergeant major (Abudefduf saxatilis) and graze algae as well as pick molted skin and parasites from green turtles (Chelonia mydas). This behavior is preceded by a characteristic inspection usually followed by feeding nips on the turtles’ skin (head, limbs, and tail), as well as on the carapace. The most inspected and cleaned body parts are the flippers. The spine on both sides of the caudal peduncle may inflict painful wounds. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] Can behave hostile in a smaller tank, but is less so the larger the aquarium. Juveniles are yellow with a blue ring around the eye. Some adults may also have a yellow tail. Can be kept in small groups if housed in very large tanks (180 gallons +).[/left]

Black Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 10:17:58 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Acanthurus gahhm [b]Common Names:[/b] Black Surgeonfish/Tang, Monk Tang [b]Max. size:[/b] 40.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 40 m [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 25 - 27�C [b]Distribution:[/b] Western Indian Ocean = endemic to the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 24-28; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 23-26. Characterized by having 2 longitudinal bands on the side, one from the hind margin of the eye posteriorly, another from the groove around the caudal peduncle spine anteriorly. Juveniles of less than 5 cm SL lack the anterior band; less than 10 cm SL lack the posterior band. Reaches 24 cm SL. [b]Biology:[/b] Often found in large groups in open areas near coral or rock. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] Minimum tank size of 180 gallons with a lot of swimming space and hiding spots. May act aggressively towards tankmates. Keep one per tank.[/left]

Achilles Tang

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 10:17:09 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Acanthurus achilles [b]Common Names:[/b] Achilles Tang/Surgeonfish, Red-Tailed Surgeonfish [b]Max. size:[/b] 24.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine; depth range 0 - 10 m [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 26 - 28�C [b]Distribution:[/b] Pacific Ocean = western Caroline Islands and Torres Strait to the Hawaiian, Marquesan, and Ducie Islands, south to New Caledonia; Mariana and Marshall Islands in Micronesia. Eastern Central Pacific = southern tip of Baja California, Mexico. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 29-33; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 26-29. Dark brown, nearly black in color. Erectile spine (sharp and forward-pointing) on each side of caudal peduncle which folds down into a groove. Mouth small, snout noticeably extended. Light blue ring around chin and presence of spot of same color on gill cover at angle of gill opening. Dorsal fin with soft part having longer base than spinous part. Juveniles lack the large orange spot on caudal area. [b]Biology:[/b] Occurs in clear seaward reefs, usually in groups. Feeds on filamentous and small fleshy algae. Spine in caudal peduncle may be venomous. Size of metamorphosis from postlarva stage to juvenile is 6 cm. This species sometimes hybridizes with A. nigricans [b]Aquarium Care:[/b]A lot of swimming space and turbulent water flow. Can be aggressive and will bother other tangs. Will graze on filamentous microalgae and small fleshy macroalgaes. In smaller tanks, this fish may ""pace"" the tank and wither away. [/left]

Doubleband Surgeonfish

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 10:16:17 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Acanthurus tennenti [b]Common Names:[/b] Doublebanded Surgeonfish, Leutenant Surgeonfish, Tennenti Surgeonfish, Vampire Surgeonfish [b]Max. size:[/b] 31.0 cm TL (male/unsexed;aprox) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine; depth range 1 - 110 feet [b]Climate:[/b] tropical; 24�C - 28�C [b]Distribution:[/b] Gazetteer Indian Ocean: East Africa to Sri Lanka and the Lesser Sunda Islands of southern Indonesia. The Red Sea record by Dor (1984, Ref. 2198) is an error. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 9 - 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 23 - 24; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 22 - 23. Brown in color, specimens up to 12 cm SL with black horseshoe mark on shoulder region breaking into 2 horizontal curved bands in larger specimens; caudal spine surrounded by a black area which is then surrounded by a bluish white area; caudal fin with a white posterior border. [b]Biology:[/b] Inhabits lagoon and seaward reefs, 1 to over 20 m depth. Also found in slopes from silty inshore to outer reefs. Sometimes occurs in small shoals. Grazes on benthic algae.[/left]

Zebra Seahorse

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 10:03:56 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Hippocampus zebra [b]Max. size:[/b] 8.0 cm OT (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; non-migratory; marine [b]Distribution:[/b] Gazetteer Western Central Pacific: northeastern Australia. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17. Description: (based on 3 specimens): Adult height: 7.0-8.0cm. Rings: 11 38-39. Snout length: 2.1-2.2 in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 17 covering 2 1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 15-16. Coronet: medium, conical, with five tiny points on top (not splayed). Spines: very low, small and sharp, or none. Other distinctive characters: prominent sharp eye spine. Color pattern: black (or dark brown) and white striped all over. [b]Biology:[/b] Found inshore on reef areas.[/left]

Whites Seahorse

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 10:03:01 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Hippocampus whitei [b]Max. size:[/b] 13.0 cm OT (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] demersal; non-migratory; marine ; depth range 1 - 46 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Gazetteer Southwest Pacific: Solomon Islands and Australia. Records from southern Mozambique and Natal, South Africa are misidentifications of Hippocampus camelopardalis. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16-17; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 4. Description: (based on 31 specimens): Adult height: 6.0-13.0cm. Rings: 11 35 (32-36). Snout length: 2.3 (2.0-2.7) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 18 (16-20) covering 2 1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 16-17 (15-18). Coronet: high, inclined backwards with seven sharp angles or points at top. Spines: variable, low to moderately developed and rounded to quite sharp. Other distinctive characters: long snout; prominent, sharp eye spines; single or double cheek spines; head quite narrow. Color pattern: dull greyish brown to yellow; often mottled brown with a net-like pattern of reticulating dark lines; may have saddles of paler color across dorsolateral surface. [b]Biology:[/b] In shallow, weedy inshore areas and Zostera seagrass beds; also on sponges. Also under jetties on holdfasts of kelp, and on other man-made structures such as shark nets. Diurnal and site faithful.[/left]

West Australian Seahorse

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 10:01:31 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b]Hippocampus subelongatus [b]Max. size:[/b] 20.0 cm OT (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] demersal; non-migratory; marine ; depth range 1 - 25 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Eastern Indian Ocean: southwest Australia. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16-20. Description: (based on 23 specimens): Adult height: 13.0-20.0cm. Rings: 11 34 (33-36). Snout length: 2.1 (1.9-2.3) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 18 (16-20) covering 2 1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 17 (16-18). Coronet: high to very high, with an expanded rounded top (larger and more fluted in females, smaller and more rounded in males). Spines: low, rounded bumps only Other distinctive characters: very thick rings; narrow body; usually double rounded cheek spines; long snout (about 1/2 head length); prominent rounded eye spine. Color pattern: usually pale with net-like pattern of reticulating brown lines over body and tail; may be yellow, orange, black, purple, white, cream or pink; brown ring around spines; striped snout; dark vertical line edging either side of dorsal surface of trunk. [b]Biology:[/b] Found on edge of rocky areas, muddy bottom and areas of high sediment load; jetty piles and moorings; often associated with sponges or sea squirts or attached to man-made objects; move to deeper waters in winter. Length type refers to height.[/left]

West African Seahorse

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:59:58 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Hippocampus algiricus [b]Max. size:[/b] 19.2 cm OT (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] demersal; non-migratory; marine [b]Distribution:[/b] Gazetteer Eastern Central Atlantic: Senegal to Angola. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17-18. Description: (based on 18 specimens): Adult height: 9.0-19.2 cm. Rings: 11 36 (35-37). Snout length: 2.4 (2.1-2.6) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 17-18 covering 2 1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 16-17. Coronet: relatively low, rounded and overhanging at the back, flat-topped or with a slight depression. Spines: low, rounded bumps only. Other distinctive characters: body rings quite chunky; broad or almost double eye and cheek spines. Color pattern: may be covered with tiny white dots or larger brown spots.[/left]

Tigertail Seahorse

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:59:09 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Hippocampus comes [b]Max. size:[/b] 16.0 cm OT (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; non-migratory; marine ; depth range - 20 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Gazetteer Western Central Pacific: Malaysia, Singapore, Viet Nam and Philippines. Confused with Hippocampus kuda. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17-19. Description: (based on 27 specimens): Adult height: 10.7-14.6cm. Rings: 11 35-36 (34-37). Snout length: 2.2 (1.9-2.5) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 18 (17-19) covering 2 1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 17 (16-19). Coronet: small and quite low, with five distinct rounded knobs or spines Spines: knob-like and blunt, to well-developed and quite sharp; often with dark band around them near tip. Other distinctive characters: cheek spines double; double spines below, and sometimes also above eye; prominent, sharp nose spine; snout long and slender. Color pattern: commonly hues of yellow and black, sometimes alternating; striped tail (although this may not be visible in dark specimens); mottled or blotched pattern on body; may have fine white lines radiating from eye. [b]Biology:[/b] Length type refers to height (= TL - head length). This species is mainly found in pairs on coral reefs, sponge gardens, kelp, and floating Sargassum. Nocturnal, site faithful. Life span probably more than 2-3 years.[/left]

Thorny Seahorse

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:58:09 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Hippocampus histrix [b]Max. size:[/b] 17.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range - 82 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Indo-Pacific: Tanzania and South Africa to Hawaii and Tahiti, north to Japan, south to New Caledonia. Reported from the Arafura Sea. This name is used for at least four distinct species. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15-18; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 4. Description: (based on 22 specimens): Adult height: 7.9-13.5cm. Rings: 11 35 (34-37). Snout length: 1.7-2.0 in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 17 (15-18) covering 2 1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 18 (17-20). Coronet: medium, with four or five very long, very sharp spines. Spines: extremely long and sharp; all spines well-developed. Other distinctive characters: very long snout (more than 1/2 head length); single cheek spine; dorsal fin base very short; always has at least as many pectoral as dorsal fin rays (whereas most species have more dorsal fin rays); sharp ventral keel; prominent spine in front of coronet. Color pattern: base color variable, including pale pink, yellow or green; spines often dark tipped; may have pale saddles, often filled with small dark spots, across dorsolateral surfaces; snout not striped. [b]Biology:[/b] A rare inhabitant of shallow sheltered reefs, found among clumps of algae or in seagrass beds. Large adults are pelagic and probably associated with drifting debris. Associated with sponges and sea-squirts.[/left]

Spotted Seahorse

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:57:09 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] ippocampus kuda [b]Max. size:[/b] 30.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; non-migratory; brackish; marine ; depth range - 68 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Gazetteer Indo-Pacific: Pakistan and India to southern Japan, Hawaii, and the Society Islands. This name is used for maybe 10 distinct species in the Indo-Pacific. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 17-18; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 4. Description: (based on 80 specimens): Adult height: 7.0-17.0cm. Rings: 11 36 (34-38). Snout length: 2.3 (2.0-2.6) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 17-18 covering 2 1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 16 (15-18). Coronet: low-medium, rounded, overhanging at the back, often with a cup-like depression in the top; sometimes with broad flanges; not spiny. Spines: low, rounded bumps only. Other distinctive characters: deep head; deep body; thick snout. Color pattern: often totally black with a grainy texture; alternatively pale yellow or cream with fairly large, dark spots (especially females); may be sandy colored, blending in with the surroundings. [b]Biology:[/b] Inhabits seagrass and marine algae areas of estuaries and seaward reefs; also on steep mud slopes. Found in open water and attached to drifting Sargassum up to 20 km from shore. Adults in pairs.[/left]

Sea Pony

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:56:22 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Hippocampus fuscus [b]Max. size:[/b] 12.0 cm OT (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] demersal; non-migratory; marine ; depth range 0 - 2 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Gazetteer Indian Ocean: Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, Djibouti, and Sri Lanka. Records from South Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius and R�union are questionable. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04) and a minimum size of 10 cm applies. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14-17. Description: (based on 21 specimens): Adult height: 8.0-12.0cm. Rings: 11 34 (33-37). Snout length: 2.7 (2.4-3.0) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 16 (14-17) covering 2 1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 15 (14-16). Coronet: low, arch of neck a smooth curve, or slightly raised and rough. Spines: low, smooth to slightly developed. Other distinctive characters: head large compared to body; deep head. Color pattern: usually dark but can be bright yellow; specimens from Suez are pale with marbled pattern of brown lines on trunk and head. [b]Biology:[/b] Length type refers to height (= TL - head length). Occurs in eelgrass beds (Zostera sp.) in lagoons. Used in India for traditional medicines. Diurnal. Adults pair-bond and greet on daily basis in a laboratory setting. Ovoviviparous. The male carries the eggs in a brood pouch which is found under the tail. [/left]

Pygmy Seahorse

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:50:34 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Hippocampus bargibanti [b]Max. size:[/b] 2.0 cm OT (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; non-migratory; marine ; depth range 16 - 40 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Gazetteer Western Central Atlantic: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Queensland, and New Caledonia. Conservation status: data deficient. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13-15. Description based on 4 specimens: Adult height, less than 2.0 cm. Rings, 11-12 31-34. Snout length is greater than 4.0 in head length. Dorsal fin rays, 13-15 covering 1 1 rings. Pectoral fin rays, 10. Coronet, a rounded knob. Spine, as irregular bulbous tubercles scattered over body and tail; a single prominent rounded eye spine; a single low rounded cheek spine. Other distinctive characters: head and body very fleshy, mostly without recognizable body rings; ventral portion of trunk segments incomplete; snout extremely short. Color pattern: two color morphs are known: (a) pale grey or purple with pink or red tubercles (found on gorgonian coral Muricella plectana) and (b) yellow with orange tubercles (found on gorgonian coral Muricella paraplectana). [b]Biology:[/b] Only known to occur on gorgonian corals of the genus Muricella, with up to 28 pairs on a single gorgonian. The tubercles and truncated snout of this species match the color and shape of the polyps of the host gorgonian, while its body matches the gorgonian stem. So extreme is this camouflage that the original specimens were only noticed after their host gorgonian had been collected and observed in an aquarium. Post-pelagic young settle on various hosts, but to breed, they appear to prefer the red polyp Muricella spp. that usually grow in depths over 20 m.[/left]

Longsnouted Seahorse

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:48:55 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Hippocampus reidi [b]Max. size:[/b] 15.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; non-migratory; marine ; depth range 0 - 55 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Western Atlantic: North Carolina in USA, Bermuda and Bahamas to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16-19. Description: (based on 39 specimens): Adult height: 9.5-17.5cm. Rings: 11 35 (31-39). Snout length: 2.2 (2.0-2.5) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 17 (16-19) covering 2 1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 16 (15-17). Coronet: low-medium, rounded, may be quite large and convoluted (like a crumpled piece of paper). Spines: none to low rounded tubercles. Other distinctive characters: broad, almost double cheek and eye spines; long, thick snout; narrow body; usually no skin appendages. Color pattern: often profusely spotted with brown, with numerous tiny white dots (especially on tail); may have paler saddles across dorsolateral surfaces. [b]Biology:[/b] Uncommon in most areas, but may be locally common in certain places. Usually attached to gorgonians or seagrasses but may occur in floating Sargassum or swimming freely in midwater. Has been reared in captivity.[/left]

Longnosed Seahorse

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:47:43 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Hippocampus trimaculatus [b]Max. size:[/b] 22.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] demersal; non-migratory; marine [b]Distribution:[/b] Indo-Pacific: southern India to Japan, Australia and Tahiti. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 18-22; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 4. Description: (based on 54 specimens): Adult height: 8.0-15.0cm. Rings: 11 40-41 (38-43). Snout length: 2.2 (1.9-2.4) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 20 (18-22) covering 2 1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 17-18 (16-19). Coronet: very low, in line with arch of neck, visible as five tiny points. Spines: low and small to slightly raised. Other distinctive characters: very sharp hook-like cheek and eye spines; quite flat in appearance; narrow head; no nose spine. Color pattern: golden orange, sandy colored or totally black; may have large dark spots on the dorsolateral surface of the first, fourth and seventh trunk ring (less visible in dark specimens, and more common in males than females); [b]Biology:[/b] Inhabits gravel or sand bottoms around shallow reefs; muddy estuaries and near mangroves, tolerating brackish waters [/left]

Lined Seahorse

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:44:44 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Hippocampus erectus [b]Max. size:[/b] 20.3 cm TL (male/unsexed); 18.5 cm OT (female) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; non-migratory; marine; depth range 1 - 73 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Western Atlantic: Nova Scotia, Canada and northern Gulf of Mexico to Panama and Venezuela. A southern form that may prove to be a separate species is known from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and questionably from Suriname. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16-20. Description: (based on 51 specimens): Adult height: 5.5-18.5cm. Rings: 11 36 (34-39). Snout length: 2.6 (2.2-3.2) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 18-19 (16-20) covering 2 1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 15-16 (14-18). Coronet: variable, low, triangular wedge, or ridge-like or raised with sharp edges, or with relatively sharp spines. Spines: variable from none, to well-developed with blunt or sharp tips. Other distinctive characters: usually first, third, fifth, seventh and eleventh trunk rings enlarged (in most other species it is the first, fourth, seventh and eleventh); snout usually less than half head length; deep-bodied; cheek spine single or double. Color pattern: base color variable – ash grey, orange, brown, yellow, red or black; brown individuals tend to be paler on ventral side; often with a characteristic pattern of white lines following contour of neck; tiny white dots on tail; may have darker or paler ‘saddles’ across dorsal surface often in line with the more enlarged body rings. [b]Biology:[/b] Generally in coastal waters; often around man-made structures. Usually attached to gorgonians or seagrasses but may occur in floating Sargassum or swimming freely in midwater. Those that live in Sargassum usually have bony protuberances and fleshy tabs that may serve as camouflage. Has been reared in captivity. Move into deeper waters during winter. Feeds by sucking in small organisms, using its long face as a pipette. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] This species is easier to feed in smaller tanks because food densities are higher. Best housed in a quiet species aquarium, without competitive tankmates or excessive water flow. Provide stationary perches around which they can wrap their prehensile tails. [/left]

Lichtenstiens Seahorse

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:43:48 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Hippocampus lichtensteinii [b]Max. size:[/b] 4.0 cm OT (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] demersal; non-migratory; marine [b]Distribution:[/b] Gazetteer Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea. If the type locality is in error this might be a synonym of the very similar Hippocampus zosterae. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11-12. Description: (based on 6 specimens): Adult height: 3.0-4.0cm. Rings: 10 31. Snout length: 3.2-3.9 in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 11-12 covering 2 0 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 11-12. Coronet: high, columnar or knob-like, without spines. Spines: low, rounded bumps only. Other distinctive characters: big head in relation to body. Color pattern: preserved specimens pale brown without markings. [b]Biology:[/b] Length type refers to height. [/left]

Knysna Seahorse

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:42:48 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Hippocampus capensis [b]Max. size:[/b] 11.2 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] demersal; non-migratory; brackish; marine ; depth range 0 - 20 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Southeast Atlantic: endemic to South Africa. Hippocampus capensis has the smallest known range of any seahorse and was the first to be assessed as threatened on the IUCN Red List, in 1994. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16-18; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 3. Description: (based on 96 specimens): Adult height: 5.3-11.2cm. Rings: 11 34 (32-37). Snout length: ca. 3.0 in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 17 (16-18) covering 2 1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 15 (14-17). Coronet: none, arch of neck is a smooth curve; juveniles may have a very small coronet but this disappears as they mature. Spines: none on body; very short and blunt on tail Other distinctive characters: short snout; male with slight keel. Color pattern: usually mottled greenish or brownish; can have scattered dark spots on body. [b]Biology:[/b] Found in bays and estuaries among submerged vegetation; diurnal. Tolerates salinities from 1-59 ppt. [/left]

Jayakars Seahorse

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:41:43 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b]Hippocampus jayakari [b]Max. size:[/b] 13.0 cm OT (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] demersal; non-migratory; marine [b]Distribution:[/b] Western Indian Ocean: Red Sea and Arabian Sea. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 18-19. Description: (based on 8 specimens): Adult height: 11.0-13.0cm. Rings: 11 38-39. Snout length: 2.1 (1.9-2.4) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 18-19 covering 2 1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 17-18 Coronet: low-medium with four very long sharp spines. Spines: very long and sharp; no spines on alternate tail rings. Other distinctive characters: double cheek spine (usually); double spine below eye; very long, sharp spine in front of coronet and above eye. Color pattern: pale cream or beige colored; often with a pattern of large white spots on body and face; spines with a broad dark band near tip; dark mid-ventral line. [b]Biology:[/b] Found in seagrass beds ranging from 3-9 foot depths. [/left]

Dhilos Seahorse

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:36:58 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Hippocampus sindonis [b]Max. size:[/b] 8.0 cm OT (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] demersal; non-migratory; marine [b]Distribution:[/b] Northwest Pacific: Japan. It is known off Hamamatsu, Totomi Bay, Sagami, Misaki, Shizuoka Prefectures. Has been listed under CITES appendix II ensuring that international trade of this species is monitored. This species may be found to occur in a number of marine protected areas within its range. [/left]

Denises Seahorse

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:31:52 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Hippocampus denise [b]Max. size:[/b] 2.2 cm SL (male/unsexed); 2.4 cm SL (female) [b]Environment:[/b] demersal; marine ; depth range 13 - 90 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Western Pacific: apparently more widespread than Indonesia, Vanuatu and Palau. Observed from Malaysia, Solomon Islands and Pohn Pei, Micronesia. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal soft rays (total): 14. Color in life plain orange with slightly darker rings around tail; when preserved, pale orange with tiny dark brown flecks on the nape of the neck and all over in some specimens. Diminutive in size. Anal fin small or absent. Rings on trunk 12; on tail 28-29. Body fleshy with inferior and ventral trunk ridges reduced to separated cross-shaped spicules embedded in the skin. Nuchal plate rounded without a raised coronet. Snout length ca. 30% in HL. Head depth ca. 50% in HL. No spines above the eye. Trunk depth (between the 9th and 10th trunk rings) ca. 7% in SL (female) and 10-15% in SL (male). The angles of certain body ridges sometimes developed into rounded tubercles (distinctly fewer and less developed compared with H. bargibanti). [b]Biology:[/b] Lives in association with gorgonian seafans (Annella reticulata, Muricella sp., and Echinogorgia sp.). Master of camouflage, with their coloration and body ornamentation in the form of tubercles, can match the stems and polyps of their gorgonian hosts. [/left]

Barbours Seahorse

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:31:11 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b]Hippocampus barbouri [b]Max. size:[/b] 15.0 cm OT (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] demersal; non-migratory; marine ; depth range 6 - 10 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Western Central Pacific: southern Sulu Sea. International trade is monitored through a licensing system (CITES II, since 5.15.04). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16-22. Description: (based on 19 specimens). Adult height: 7.8-14.5 cm. Rings: 11 34-35 (33-36). Snout length: 2.2-2.3 (2.0-2.6) in head length. Dorsal fin rays: 19 (16-22) covering 2 1 rings. Pectoral fin rays: 17-18 (15-20). Coronet: medium-high; five sharp spines. Spines: well-developed, usually quite sharp eye spine; first dorsal trunk spine much longer than others and curved backwards; tail spines of different lengths (in regular series e.g. long, short, long, short). Other distinctive characters: double cheek spines, double spines below eye. Color pattern: white to pale yellow to pale brown; reddish brown spots and lines on body; snout often striped; fine lines radiating from eye. [b]Biology:[/b] Unlike most seahorses, this species is often found clinging to hard coral and doesn't seem to be worried about stingers. Popular spiny seahorse in aquarium trade; often sold bleached for traditional Chinese medicine. [/left]

Whitespotted Rabbit

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:28:43 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Siganus canaliculatus [b]Max. size:[/b] 30.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; oceano-estuarine brackish; marine ; depth range - 50 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Cambodia, Viet Nam, south China, Taiwan and Western Australia. Also known from Ryukyu Islands; Palau and Yap in Micronesia and Melanesia. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 7; Anal soft rays: 9; Vertebrae: 23. Body silvery gray above, silvery below; a touch of olive green on nape and upper surface of head; fright pattern mottled with pale cream and dark brown; usually fish display a dark patch just below origin of lateral line. Preopercular angle 89�-96�; cheeks appear to be scaleless but sometimes with few to many, fine, embedded scales on lower 2/3; midline of thorax scaleless between pelvic ridges. Margin of anterior nostril encircled by a low flange with the flap extending towards posterior flap; flap shortens with increasing size. Closely resembles S. fuscescens but differs by its slightly more pointed snout and longer pectoral fins (1.1-1.3 in HL vs. 1.4-1.5 in S. fuscescens). Color pattern is similar to that of S. argenteus and S. fuscescens. [b]Biology:[/b] In contrast to S. fuscescens, this species seems to tolerate more turbid waters, occurring within the vicinity of river mouths especially around seagrass beds. Also occurs several kilometers offshore in deep, clear waters. Juveniles form very large schools in shallow bays and coral reef flats; school size reduces with size, with adults occurring in groups of 20 individuals or so. Herbivorous, feeds on benthic algae and to some extent on seagrass. Consumed as food; and have poisonous spines [b]Aquarium Care:[/b]Has a temperature range of 75 - 82�F (24 - 28�C) and feeds mostly upon algae and some benthic invertebrate. Even though an omnivore, they are excellent herbivores and require a large amount of vegetable matter in their diet. In fact, they are one of the better hair alga consumers. Requires a varied diet made up of mostly vegetable matter, especially some Spirulina flake and some nori (dried seaweed/kelp). Should receive at least several feedings per day. They are easy to feed, none aggressive, and resistant to poor water quality. Keep in mind they have venomous dorsal and anal fins, similar to lionfish, and care must be taken in their handling. Not safe with some soft corals, such as Xenia. [/left]

Three blotched Rabbitfish

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:26:54 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Siganus trispilos [b]Max. size:[/b] 25.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine ; depth range 3 - 5 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Gazetteer Eastern Indian Ocean: off the northwestern coast of Western Australia (Ningaloo Reef complex; North West Cape; Murion Islands; Rosemary Islands, Dampier Archipelago). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 7; Anal soft rays: 9; Vertebrae: 13. Sides of body and fins bright yellow with orange cast; 3 chocolate brown patches on upper half of body below spinous part of dorsal fin; head, thorax, ventral margin of body, upper half of sides, and caudal peduncle with blue pinhead-sized ocelli, with deep blue margin; ocelli also present within the 3 patches; fins may be invaded basally by blue ocelli. Brown smudge running diagonally through eye; yellow lips; dusky yellow iris. Fin and nape spines fairly stout, pungent, and venomous. Midline of thorax and pelvic ridges fully scaled. [b]Biology:[/b] Strictly corallophilic, pairs living in area rich in hard coral, particularly Acropora [b]Aquarium Care:[/b] Has a temperature range of 75 - 82�F (24 - 28�C) and feeds mostly upon algae and some benthic invertebrate. Even though an omnivore, they are excellent herbivores and require a large amount of vegetable matter in their diet. In fact, they are one of the better hair alga consumers. Requires a varied diet made up of mostly vegetable matter, especially some Spirulina flake and some nori (dried seaweed/kelp). Should receive at least several feedings per day. They are easy to feed, none aggressive, and resistant to poor water quality. Keep in mind they have venomous dorsal and anal fins, similar to lionfish, and care must be taken in their handling. Not safe with some soft corals, such as Xenia. [/left]

Streaked Rabbitfish

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:25:33 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Siganus javus [b]Max. size:[/b] 53.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; oceano-estuarine brackish; marine ; depth range - 0 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Gazetteer Indo-Pacific: Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Andaman Islands, Thailand, Viet Nam, southern China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Australia, New Guinea, Vanuatu and New Caledonia. Records for the Ryukyu and Ogasawara Islands could be based on strays (Ref. 9813). [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 7; Anal soft rays: 9; Vertebrae: 13. Body bronze above, white on belly and thorax; iris light brown; pectoral fins hyaline, pelvic fins white. Slender and pungent dorsal spines; anal spines stout. Preopercular angle 78�-92�. Strong scales cover cheeks. Midline of thorax scaled but not pelvic ridges. Broad-based triangular flap of anterior nostril reaching half way to posterior nostril in juveniles, reducing to a small crescent with age. [b]Biology:[/b] Occurs in small schools of up to 10 individuals or so, in shallow coastal waters, brackish lagoons and rocky or coral reefs. Feeds on algae attached to the substrate and on floating algal fragments. Found resting in midwater at depths of 2 to 6 m when not feeding. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b]Has a temperature range of 75 - 82�F (24 - 28�C) and feeds mostly upon algae and some benthic invertebrate. Even though an omnivore, they are excellent herbivores and require a large amount of vegetable matter in their diet. In fact, they are one of the better hair alga consumers. Requires a varied diet made up of mostly vegetable matter, especially some Spirulina flake and some nori (dried seaweed/kelp). Should receive at least several feedings per day. They are easy to feed, none aggressive, and resistant to poor water quality. Keep in mind they have venomous dorsal and anal fins, similar to lionfish, and care must be taken in their handling. Not safe with some soft corals, such as Xenia. [/left]

Peppered Rabbitfish

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:24:34 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Siganus punctatissimus [b]Max. size:[/b] 30.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine ; depth range 12 - 30 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Western Pacific: Southern Ryukyu Islands, Palau (Belau), Philippines, northern Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, northern Queensland and reefs off northwestern Western Australia. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 7; Anal soft rays: 9; Vertebrae: 13. Head and body dark chocolate brown with purplish hue; iris pale rose-brown, white spotted. Spines stout, pungent, venomous. Preopercular angle 93�-109�. Cheeks completely scaled. Midline of thorax scaled; a row of scales absent along pelvic ridges. Anterior nostril with low rim; expanded posteriorly into a broad flap, reaching halfway to posterior nostril. [b]Biology:[/b] Inhabits lagoon and channel reefs. Usually seen in pairs. Feeds on benthic seaweeds [b]Aquarium Care:[/b]Has a temperature range of 75 - 82�F (24 - 28�C) and feeds mostly upon algae and some benthic invertebrate. Even though an omnivore, they are excellent herbivores and require a large amount of vegetable matter in their diet. In fact, they are one of the better hair alga consumers. Requires a varied diet made up of mostly vegetable matter, especially some Spirulina flake and some nori (dried seaweed/kelp). Should receive at least several feedings per day. They are easy to feed, none aggressive, and resistant to poor water quality. Keep in mind they have venomous dorsal and anal fins, similar to lionfish, and care must be taken in their handling. Not safe with some soft corals, such as Xenia. [/left]

Orange-spotted Rabbitfish

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:23:50 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Siganus guttatus [b]Max. size:[/b] 42.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; brackish; marine ; depth range - 6 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Eastern Indian Ocean and Western Pacific: Andaman Islands, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia (including Irian Jaya), Viet Nam, Ryukyus, southern and eastern China, Taiwan, South China Sea, Philippines, and Palau. Replaced by Siganus lineatus to the west, south and east of the region described by the said localities. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 7; Anal soft rays: 9; Vertebrae: 13. Dusky blue dorsally, silvery below; a bright yellow spot adjacent to last few rays of dorsal fin; head with lines and spots. Preopercular angle 91�-102�; strong scales fully cover the cheeks; midline of thorax scaled, not the pelvic ridges. Anterior nostril with extremely low rim, slightly expanded posteriorly. Spines stout, pungent, venomous. [b]Biology:[/b] Inhabits turbid inshore reefs among mangroves; tolerates or even prefers low salinities. Fry settles in seagrass beds around river mouths and adults enter and leave rivers with the tide, but also found on the drop-offs of inshore fringing reefs down to 6 m. Schools throughout life; school size for adults around 10 or 15. Feeds on benthic algae. Unlike other siganids, this species is reported to be active at night [b]Aquarium Care:[/b]Has a temperature range of 75 - 82�F (24 - 28�C) and feeds mainly upon algae and some bentic invertebrate. Even though an omnivore, they are excellent herbivores and require a large amount of vegetable matter in their diet. In fact, they are one of the better hair alga consumers. Requires a varied diet made up of mostly vegetable matter, especially some Spirulina flake and some nori (dried seaweed/kelp). Should receive at least several feedings per day. They are easy to feed, none aggressive, and resistant to poor water quality. Keep in mind they have venomous dorsal and anal fins, similar to lionfish, and care must be taken in their handling. Not safe with some soft corals, such as Xenia. One per tank unless a mated pair. [/left]

Mottled Rabbitfish

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:23:03 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Siganus fuscescens [b]Max. size:[/b] 40.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; oceanodromous brackish; marine ; depth range - 50 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Western Pacific: southern Korea, southern Japan, ?Ogasawara Islands, Taiwan, southern China, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Andaman Islands, Indonesia, Philippines, Yap, Palau, Pohnpei (Caroline Islands), Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, and Australia. Often misidentified as Siganus canaliculatus. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 7; Anal soft rays: 9; Vertebrae: 13. Body olive green or brown above, silvery below; fish frequently with a dark patch below origin of lateral line. Adults become mottled when frightened. Slender, pungent, venomous spines. Preopercular angle 89�-95�. Lower half to 2/3 of cheeks commonly covered with weak, scattered scales. Midline of thorax between pelvic ridges. Differs from S. argenteus in details of coloration and less deeply forked tail. [b]Biology:[/b] Inhabits algal and seagrass flats and shallow lagoon and coastal reefs. Forms schools. Mainly diurnal. Juveniles feed on filamentous algae, adults feed on leafy algae and seagrasses [b]Aquarium Care:[/b]There are not many members to this family, but the few of interest in the genus Siganus, previously Lo, are longtime aquarist favorites. They are easy to feed, none are aggressive to other inhabitants, and resistant to poor water quality. They have venomous dorsal and anal fins, similar to lionfish, and care must be taken in their handling. Even though omnivores, they are excellent herbivores and require a large amount of vegetable matter in their diet. In fact, they are one of the better hair alga consumers. They are found on the reef and also in grassbeds and mangrove areas. Every once and while rabbitfish shed their skin, similar to leather corals. Not safe with all types of corals such as Xenia. Their range is widespread in the central Pacific Ocean. [/left]

Masked Rabbitfish

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:22:17 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Siganus puellus [b]Max. size:[/b] 38.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine ; depth range 1 - 30 m [b]Distribution:[/b] Indo-West Pacific: Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Australia, Indonesia, South China, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, Philippines, Palau, Caroline Islands, Kapingamarangi Islands, Marshall Islands, Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 7; Anal soft rays: 9; Vertebrae: 13. Body yellow-orange above to silvery white below; a prominent blackish bar on head, spotted; iris blackish; opercular area silver; dorsal and anal fin spines and rays yellow, spines with white streak. Spines stout and venomous. Preopercular angle 101�-111�. Cheeks fully covered with strong scales. Midline of thorax scaled; scaled pelvic ridges may interrupt scale row pattern. Low rim of anterior nostril expanded posteriorly into a short, broad triangular flap. [b]Biology:[/b] Occurs in shallow, coral-rich areas of clear lagoons and seaward reefs. Individuals up to 7 cm SL forms large schools in shallows, lagoons and outer reef flats, particularly in areas dominated by luxurious growths of Acropora. Adults occur in pairs. Juveniles feed on filamentous algae, adults on algae, tunicates, and sponges . Can inflict painful stings [b]Aquarium Care:[/b]Has a temperature range of 75 - 82�F (24 - 28�C) and feeds upon algae, sponges, and sessile colonial tunicates. Even though an omnivore, they are excellent herbivores and require a large amount of vegetable matter in their diet. In fact, they are one of the better hair alga consumers. Requires a varied diet made up of mostly vegetable matter, especially some Spirulina flake and some nori (dried seaweed/kelp). Should receive at least several feedings per day. They are easy to feed, none aggressive, and resistant to poor water quality. Keep in mind they have venomous dorsal and anal fins, similar to lionfish, and care must be taken in their handling. Not safe with some soft corals, such as Xenia. [/left]

Magnificent Rabbitfish

FishingFool — Fri, 18 May 2012 09:21:26 -0500

by: FishingFool

Description: [left][b]Scientific Name:[/b] Siganus magnificus [b]Max. size:[/b] 23.0 cm TL (male/unsexed) [b]Environment:[/b] reef-associated; marine [b]Distribution:[/b] Eastern Indian Ocean: Thailand, including the Similan Islands to Java, Indonesia. [b]Morphology:[/b] Dorsal spines (total): 13; Dorsal soft rays (total): 10; Anal spines: 7; Anal soft rays: 9; Vertebrae: 23. Ocular band dark chocolate brown to black; a broad white arc running from isthmus and thorax to bases of 2nd - 4th dorsal spines; posterior to white band, body brown or gray dorsally, whitish below. Spines stout, not very pungent and venomous. Preopercular angle 120�; strong overlapping scales cover cheeks, 8 or 9 rows deep below center of orbit; midline of thorax fully scaled. Opening of anterior nostril borne on a very short tube which is taller posteriorly. [b]Biology:[/b] Inhabits coral reefs and feeds on algae and small invertebrates. Adults occur in pairs. [b]Aquarium Care:[/b]Has a temperature range of 75 - 82�F (24 - 28�C) and feeds mostly upon algae and benthic invertebrate. Even though an omnivore, they are excellent herbivores and require a large amount of vegetable matter in their diet. In fact, they are one of the better hair alga consumers. Requires a varied diet made up of mostly vegetable matter, especially some Spirulina flake and some nori (dried seaweed/kelp). Should receive at least several feedings per day. They are easy to feed, none aggressive, and resistant to poor water quality. Keep in mind they have venomous dorsal and anal fins, similar to lionfish, and care must be taken in their handling. Not safe with some soft corals, such as Xenia. One per tank unless a mated pair.[/left]